Systems and methods for delivering intravascular implants

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods are provided for delivering and mechanically detaching embolic coils. The systems disclosed herein comprise a mechanical detachment mechanism to intravascularly release an embolic coil. The methods disclosed herein comprise a various triggering mechanisms to detach embolic coils.

CROSS-REFERENCE

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 15/410,639, filed Jan. 19, 2017, titled “SYSTEMS AND METHODSFOR DELIVERING INTRAVASCULAR IMPLANTS,” which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application No. 62/343,528, filed May 31, 2016, and U.S.Provisional Application No. 62/343,542, filed May 31, 2016, each ofwhich is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

A number of vascular disorders are treated by an intravascular deliveryof an implant that is either positioned or deployed within a vessel of abody of an individual. For example, an intravascular stent used fortreating peripheral artery disease may be deployed in a stenotic regionof a blood vessel in order to improve blood flow past the stenosis inthe vessel. For further example, an embolic coil may be placed ordeployed within an intracerebral aneurysm in order to occlude theaneurysm thus preventing blood flow into the aneurysm and thuspreventing a rupture of the aneurysm.

SUMMARY

Described herein are systems and methods for delivering an intravascularimplant. The systems and methods described herein use an intravascularapproach for delivering an implant into the intravascular system of apatient. In some embodiments of the systems and methods describedherein, the systems and methods comprise a mechanical detachment systemthat is configured to deploy an intravascular implant, such as anembolic coil, at a target location within the vascular system of apatient when a user manually deploys the implant.

In some embodiments of the systems and methods described herein, thesystems and methods are used for the delivery of an embolic coil to anintracranial aneurysm and are configured to provide manually triggereddeployment of an embolic coil within the intracranial aneurysm.

The systems and methods described herein improve upon traditionalimplant detachment systems, such as, for example, embolic coildetachment systems, in a number of ways:

Prevention of Undesired Thrombotic Events

One example of how the systems and methods described herein improve ontraditional systems and methods for delivering embolic coils is bypreventing undesired thrombotic events.

Many traditional systems and methods for delivering embolic coils tocerebral aneurysms employ electrolytic detachment mechanisms, which havebeen shown to cause generation of gas bubbles at the detachment zone.The formation of gas bubbles intravascularly leads to the formation ofblood clots, which may lead to thromboembolic complications.Furthermore, if the clot remains attached to a micro-catheter tip or tothe end of an embolic coil, there is a risk that the clot will grow insize and/or embolize during repeated embolic coil detachment procedures.This presents an increased risk of the generation of blood clots whichcan travel to small vessels and occlude these vessels leading to anoxicinjury.

Decrease in Detachment Time

Another example of how the systems and methods described herein improveon traditional systems and methods of delivering embolic coils is bydecreasing the time to detach the total number of embolic coils.

The systems and methods described herein take significantly less time todetach and deploy an embolic coil as compared to traditionalelectrolytic systems. The systems and methods described herein comprisemechanical components that actuate rapid deployment whereas electrolyticsystems require time to heat an embolic coil system in order to detachand deploy a coil. As, in most cases, delivery of multiple embolic coilsinto one cerebral aneurysm is often necessary, the reduction inprocedure time by the systems and methods described herein presents asignificant advantage.

Prevention of Detachment Failure

Yet another example of how the systems and methods described hereinimprove on traditional systems and methods of delivering embolic coilsis by preventing a failed detachment of an embolic coil.

Traditional electrolytic detachment systems and methods have been shownto have a significant detachment failure rate. Detachment failure mayoccur due to electrical equipment failure and/or failure to properlyinduce a current through the device and the patient. Because the systemsand methods described herein employ mechanical components rather thanelectrical components, the failure rate is significantly lower than thatof the traditional electrolytic deployment systems.

Described herein is an embolic coil delivery system for delivering anddeploying an embolic coil at an aneurysm comprising:

-   -   i. a conduit having a deployment location from which the embolic        coil is deployed and a first radiopaque marker:    -   ii. a detachment system configured to fit within the conduit and        to be slideably advanced and withdrawn within the conduit, the        detachment system comprising:        -   a. a detachment mechanism comprising:            -   1) a tab comprising a memory material and having a first                position and a second position, wherein the memory                material is configured to move the tab from the first                position to the second position;            -   2) a primary member configured and positioned to engage                with the tab so that the tab is in the first positon                when engaged with the primary member and is moved to the                second position by the memory material when the primary                member is no longer engaged with the tab;            -   3) an anchoring element coupled to the embolic coil and                configured and positioned to engage with the tab in the                first position so that the embolic coil is coupled to                the detachment system when the tab is in the first                position, and wherein the anchoring mechanism is                configured and positioned to not engage with the tab in                the second position so that the embolic coil is deployed                when the tab is in the second position;            -   4) a radiopaque marker coupler;        -   b. a second radiopaque marker that is mechanically coupled            with the radiopaque marker coupler and is positioned to            align with the first radiopaque marker when the detachment            mechanism is positioned at the deployment location.

In some embodiments of the delivery system, the detachment systemcomprises a flexible tube that surrounds the detachment system andfixedly couples the radiopaque marker coupler and the radiopaque marker.In some embodiments of the delivery system, the first radiopaque markerpartially surrounds the conduit so that when the detachment mechanism isadvanced within the conduit and the first radiopaque marker aligns withthe second radiopaque marker, the second radiopaque marker isradiographically visible. In some embodiments of the delivery system,the tab comprises a memory metal material. In some embodiments of thedelivery system, the detachment mechanism further comprises a primarymember that detachably couples with the tab so that when the primarymember and the tab are coupled, the tab is in the first position andwhen the primary member and the tab are decoupled, the tab moves to thesecond position. In some embodiments of the delivery system, the tabmoves to the second position when the primary member is drawn away fromthe tab. In some embodiments of the delivery system, the detachmentsystem includes a segment that is configured to manually detach from thedetachment system, and wherein the primary member is coupled to thesegment so that when the segment is manually detached and withdrawn awayfrom the detachment system, the primary member is drawn away from thetab so that the tab moves to the second position and deploys the coil.In some embodiments of the delivery system, the segment comprises oblongcuts around its outer diameter that are configured to fracture thesegment when a bending force is applied to the segment. In someembodiments of the delivery system, the primary member is coupled with ahand-held detachment device configured to clamp the primary member suchthat the primary member is drawn away from the tab when the grip isdrawn away from the conduit, and wherein the grip comprises a viewingwindow that shows when the primary member is drawn away from the tab.

Also described herein is a method for deploying an embolic coil in anintracranial aneurysm comprising: directing a conduit through one ormore blood vessels of the patient to the aneurysm, the conduitcomprising a first radiopaque marker and a deployment location;advancing a detachment system through the conduit while the conduit iswithin the blood vessel, the detachment system comprising a radiopaquemarker coupler, a second radiopaque marker, and a detachment mechanismcomprising a tab having a first position and a second position;deploying the embolic coil within the aneurysm using the detachmentsystem; wherein the radiopaque marker coupler and the second radiopaquemarker couple mechanically; wherein when the detachment mechanism ispositioned at the deployment location, the first radiopaque marker andthe second radiopaque marker align; wherein the embolic coil is coupledto an anchoring element; wherein when the tab is in the first positon,the anchoring element engages the tab thus coupling the embolic coil tothe detachment system; and wherein the anchoring element does not engagethe tab in the second position thus decoupling the embolic coil from thedetachment system and thus deploying the embolic coil in theintracranial aneurysm. In some embodiments of the method, the detachmentsystem comprises a flexible tube that surrounds the detachment systemand fixedly couples the radiopaque marker coupler and the radiopaquemarker. In some embodiments of the method, the first radiopaque markerpartially surrounds the conduit so that when the detachment system isadvanced within the conduit and the first radiopaque marker aligns withthe second radiopaque marker, the second radiopaque marker isradiographically visible. In some embodiments of the method, the tabcomprises a memory metal material. In some embodiments of the method,the detachment mechanism further comprises a primary member thatdetachably couples with the tab so that when the primary member and thetab are coupled, the tab is in the first position, and when the primarymember and the tab are decoupled, the tab moves to the second position.In some embodiments of the method, the step of deploying comprisesdecoupling the primary member from the tab by drawing the primary memberaway from the tab. In some embodiments of the method, the conduitincludes a segment that is configured to manually detach from theconduit, and wherein the primary member is coupled to the segment sothat when the segment is manually detached and withdrawn away from theconduit, the primary member is drawn away from the tab so that the tabmoves to the second position and deploys the embolic coil. In someembodiments of the method, the segment comprises oblong cuts around itsouter diameter that are configured to fracture the segment when abending force is applied to the segment. In some embodiments of themethod, the primary member is coupled with a hand-held detachment deviceconfigured to clamp the primary member such that the primary member isdrawn away from the tab when the grip is drawn away from the conduit,and wherein the grip comprises a viewing window that shows when theprimary member is drawn away from the tab.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The novel features of the subject matter disclosed herein are set forthwith particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of thefeatures and advantages of the subject matter disclosed herein will beobtained by reference to the following detailed description that setsforth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the subjectmatter disclosed herein are utilized, and the accompanying drawings ofwhich:

FIG. 1 shows an illustration of the anatomical path of travel of adelivery system.

FIG. 2 shows an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a deliverysystem for delivering and deploying an intravascular implant such as anembolic coil.

FIG. 3 shows an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a detachmentsystem which comprises an embolic coil that is detachably coupled to thedetachment system.

FIG. 4 shows an illustration of an embodiment of a distal end of adetachment system as an embolic coil is deployed from a detachmentsystem.

FIG. 5 shows an exemplary illustration of an embodiment of an expansiontube.

FIGS. 6A-6B show an illustration of a mechanism for manually deployingan intravascular implant using a hand-held detachment device.

FIG. 7 shows an illustration of a close-up view of a cross-section ofthe hand-held detachment device which shows clamping cams griping a griptube of the detachment system.

FIGS. 8A-8B show illustrations of what a user sees in a viewing window,wherein the viewing window is a feature of some embodiments of thehand-held detachment device as described.

FIG. 9 shows an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a detachmentsystem which comprises an embolic coil that is detachably coupled to thedetachment system.

FIG. 10A shows an illustration of an embodiment of a distal end of thedetachment system of FIG. 9. with the embolic coil coupled to thedetachment system.

FIG. 10B shows an illustration of an embodiment of a distal end of thedetachment system of FIG. 9 as the embolic coil is deployed from thedetachment system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Described herein are systems and methods for delivering and deploying anintravascular implant to an intravascular target such as, for example,delivering one or more embolic coils to an intracranial aneurysm anddeploying the one or more embolic coils within the aneurysm.

A delivery system as described herein comprises a conduit such as atraditional catheter or micro-catheter and a detachment system that isconfigured to be slideably advanced within the catheter. The catheter ofthe delivery system described herein is configured to be advancedthrough a blood vessel of a patient to a target location. For example,FIG. 1 shows an illustration of the anatomical path of travel of acatheter 1014. The catheter 1014 may be inserted into a femoral arteryof a patient (using, for example, Seldinger technique) and advanced upthrough the aorta 1050 of the patient, from there the catheter may beadvanced up through a carotid artery 1060 to an intracranial targetlocation such as an intracranial aneurysm where an intravascular implantmay be deployed in order to, for example, occlude the aneurysm thuspreventing aneurysm rupture. The conduit of the delivery system is thusconfigured to deliver the detachment system described herein to a targetlocation. In some embodiments, the delivery system as described hereindoes not include a conduit, but rather the detachment system isdelivered directly to a target location.

Delivery System

FIG. 2 shows an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a deliverysystem 2000 for delivering and deploying an intravascular implant (notshown) such as an embolic coil. Other non-limiting examples of implantssuitable for use with the systems, devices, and methods described hereininclude, for example, occluding coils and intravascular stents.

A delivery system 2000 comprises a conduit such as a standard catheter2014 or micro-catheter (or other conduit) and a detachment system 2004.In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the conduit of the deliverysystem 2000 comprises a catheter 2014. The detachment system 2004comprises an elongate body that is configured to be slideably positioned(i.e. advanced and withdrawn) within the catheter 2014 and, in someembodiments, the detachment system 2004 is delivered via the catheter2014 to a target location such as, for example, an intracranialaneurysm. That is, in embodiments of the delivery system that include acatheter 2014, the catheter 2014 with the detachment system 2004 withinit is typically delivered to a target location by a user, wherein atarget location may comprise, for example, an intracranial aneurysm or,for example, an atherosclerotic lesion. In other embodiments, thedetachment system 2004 is delivered directly to a target location.

Detachment System

The detachment system 2004 comprises a proximal end 2017 and a distalend 2016, which are each configured to include different functionalelements of the detachment system 2004. In general, the proximal end2017 of the detachment system 2004 remains outside of the patient duringthe use of the delivery system 2000, and the proximal end 2017 of thedetachment system 2004 generally includes features that allow a user tomanually direct the detachment system 2004 and control the deployment ofan implant. The proximal end 2017 of the detachment system 2004 isconfigured to provide a mechanism for manually deploying an implant at atarget location by a user of the delivery system 2000. In general, thedistal end 2016 includes a detachment mechanism 2005 that is configuredto release or deploy an intravascular implant at a target location and aradiopaque marker 2006 that is positioned to align with a radiopaquemarker on the distal end of the catheter 2014 when the detachment system2004 is within a proper position relative to the catheter 2014 forimplant deployment.

Detachment system 2004 comprises a detachment mechanism 2005 at itsdistal end 2016. In some embodiments of the delivery system 2000, thedetachment system 2004 comprises a detachment mechanism and forms anelongate body comprising a series of respectively optionalinterconnected tubes comprising an optional shrink tube 2002, anoptional connecting tube 2010, an optional expansion tube 2026, and anoptional grip tube 2012. The optional interconnected tubes 2002, 2010,and 2026, and 2012 are each respectively configured to provide differentqualities or features to the detachment system 2004. A shrink tube 2002comprises a flexible material such as a polymer, and is configured tocover and/or surround at least a portion of the distal end 2016 of thedetachment system 2000 while providing flexibility to maneuver throughbends in the vasculature system. The shrink tube 2002 also maintains atight coupling between the radiopaque marker 2006 and the detachmentmechanism 2005 via mechanical coupling between the radiopaque marker2006 and a radiopaque marker coupler 2008. A connecting tube 2010 mayoptionally be connected to the shrink tube 2002 and comprises arelatively rigid material (as compared to the shrink tube 2002) thatprovides rigidity to portions of the distal 2016 end and/or proximal end2017 so that the detachment system 2004 is more easily advanced andwithdrawn within the catheter 2014. An expansion tube 2026 is optionallyconnected to the connecting tube 2010, and provides a segment with anexpanded diameter (as compared to the optional shrink tube 2002 andconnecting tube 2010) providing ease of handling relative to therelatively small diameter optional shrink tube 2002 and connecting tube2010. In some embodiments of the detachment system 2004, and expansiontube 2026 facilitates deployment of an implant from the detachmentmechanism 2005 by facilitating manual withdrawal of a primary member2018. An optional grip tube 2012 provides a hand grip for a user, and insome embodiments of the detachment system 2004 it is replaced by ahand-held detachment device. A connecting wire 2011 connects the distalportion of the detachment system.

In some embodiments of the delivery system 2000, a detachment mechanism2005 entirely comprises a memory metal material such as, for example,nitinol. In some embodiments of the detachments system 2004, only thedetachment mechanism 2005 comprises a memory metal material such asnitinol. In some embodiments of the detachment mechanism 2005, thedetachment mechanism 2005, not including the primary member 2018 (whichcomprises a different material), comprises a memory material such asnitinol. In some embodiments of the detachment mechanism 2005, thedetachment mechanism 2005, not including the radiopaque marker 2006(which comprises a different material), comprises a memory material suchas nitinol. In some embodiments of the detachment mechanism 2005, thedetachment mechanism 2005, not including the primary member 2018 and theradiopaque marker 2006 (which comprise a different material), comprisesa memory material such as nitinol.

The distal end of the detachment system 2004 includes a radiopaquemarker 2008, and the distal end of the catheter 2014 includes aradiopaque marker (not shown). Non-limiting examples of metals suitablefor use as either the radiopaque marker 2008 of the detachment system2004 or the radiopaque marker on the catheter include noble metals oralloys such as platinum, platinum-tungsten, platinum iridium, silver, orgold. In some embodiments of the delivery system 2000, the radiopaquemarker 2008 of the detachment system 2004 and the radiopaque marker onthe catheter 2014 are positioned so that they align with one another sowhen a detachment mechanism 2005 is positioned at a deployment location2009. In some embodiments of the delivery system 2000, the radiopaquemarker 2008 of the detachment system 2004 and the radiopaque marker ofthe catheter 2014 are positioned so that they align at a location about30 mm proximal to the deployment location 2009.

In some embodiments of the delivery system 2000, a detachment system2004 includes a radiopaque marker coupler 2008 at a radiopaque markerlocation. The radiopaque marker coupler 2008 is a portion of thedetachment system 2004 that is configured to couple with a radiopaquemarker 2006. That is, a radiopaque marker 2008 of the detachment system2004 typically comprises a metal such as, for example, platinum,platinum-tungsten, platinum iridium, silver, or gold. Because theremaining portions of the detachment mechanism 2005 (except in someembodiments the primary member 2018 is not) comprise a memory materialsuch as nitinol, coupling the radiopaque marker 2008 to the detachmentmechanism 2005 is not easily achievable with typical methods such aswelding due to differences between the materials (i.e. between theradiopaque marker 2008 and the memory material of the detachmentmechanism 2005). As such, a radiopaque marker coupler 2008 is configuredto couple with a radiopaque marker 2006 mechanically without the needfor the two elements to be welded or similarly fused. In someembodiments of the detachment system 2004, a radiopaque marker coupler2008 have complimentary shapes that are configured so that the twocomponents couple together by fitting together as shown in FIG. 2. Thatis, in some embodiments of the detachment system 2004, a radiopaquemarker coupler 2008 is a component of the detachment mechanism 2005 thathas an alternating tooth pattern (as shown) with elevations andindentations or alternatively, for example, a saw-tooth pattern, andlikewise the radiopaque marker 2009 has a complimentary alternatingtooth pattern (as shown) with elevations and indentations oralternatively, for example, a saw-tooth pattern so that the twocomponents, the radiopaque marker coupler 2008 and the radiopaque markercoupler 2009, fit together wherein an elevation of one component fits anindentation of the complimentary component. In some embodiments of thedetachments system 2004, a flexible shrink tube 2002 tightly surroundsthese two coupled components, the radiopaque marker coupler 2008 and theradiopaque marker coupler 2009, so that they are fixedly coupledtogether.

In order for the detachment system 2004 to properly deploy an implantsuch as an embolic coil within an aneurysm (i.e. the target), thedetachment mechanism 2005 must be advanced to a deployment location 2013along the catheter 2014. The deployment location 2013 may be a differentlocation along the catheter 2014 depending on the type of implantdeployed. For example, in some embodiments of the delivery system 2000,for proper deployment of an embolic coil or other implant within ananeurysm or other target location, the embolic coil or other implant isadvanced entirely out of the aperture 2009 of the catheter 2014. Forexample, in some embodiments of the delivery system 2000, for properdeployment of an embolic coil or other implant within an aneurysm orother target location, the embolic coil is advanced partially out of theaperture 2009 of the catheter 2014. For example, in some embodiments ofthe delivery system 2000, for proper deployment of an embolic coil orother implant within an aneurysm or other target location, thedetachment mechanism is advanced entirely out of the aperture 2009 ofthe catheter 2014. In some embodiments of the delivery system 2000, forproper deployment of an embolic coil or other implant within an aneurysmor other target location, the detachment mechanism 2005 is advancedpartially out of the aperture 2009 of the catheter. As shown in theexemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, a detachment mechanism 2005 in theillustrated embodiment, is positioned within the distal portion of thecatheter 2014 for proper deployment of an implant and as such thedeployment location 2013 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is located atthe distal end of the catheter 2014.

That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the distal end 2016 of the catheter definesa deployment location 2013, which is a positon or zone to where thedetachment system 2004 (and thus the detachment mechanism 2005 at thedistal end of the detachment system) must be advanced in order toachieve successful deployment of an implant. For example, in embodimentsof the delivery system wherein the detachment system 2004 remainsentirely within the distal end of the catheter 2014 in order to achieveproper deployment of an implant, the deployment location 2013 is locatedwhere the detachment system 2004 is positioned within the distal end2016 of the catheter. For example, in embodiments of the delivery systemwherein the detachment system 2004 is partially out of the aperture 2009at the distal end 2016 of the catheter and partially within the distalend 2016 of the catheter in order to achieve proper deployment of animplant, the deployment location is located partially outside of theaperture 2009 and partially within the catheter where the detachmentsystem 2004 is positioned. For example, in embodiments of the deliverysystem wherein the detachment system 2004 is completely out of theaperture 2009 in order to achieve proper deployment of an implant, thedeployment location is located where the detachment system 2004 ispositioned outside of the catheter.

In general, the proximal end 2017 of catheter 2002 is coupled to one ormore features that provide a user with manual control over the advanceof the implant to the target and deployment of the implant at or in thetarget. In some embodiments of the delivery system 2000, the proximalend 2017 of the catheter 2002 is coupled with an expansion tube 2026.The expansion tube 2026 is configured to have a larger diameter than therelatively small diameter of the micro-catheter 2002. The expansion tube2026 is generally configured so that it may couple the delivery system2000 to other elements. For example, in some embodiments of the deliverysystem 2000, the expansion tube 2026 couples to a grip tube 2012 at themost proximal end 2017 of the delivery system 2000. The grip tube 2012provides a user with a manual grip to advance and/or withdraw thedetachment system in order to guide the detachment system through thevasculature of a patient. In some embodiments of the delivery system2000, the expansion tube 2026 includes one or more oblong cuts or breakswithin its material in order to facilitate a manual fracturing of theexpansion tube 2026 so that the expansion tube 2026 is divided. Manuallydividing the expansion tube 2026 provides a mechanism for withdrawingthe fractured portion of the expansion tube 2026 away from thedetachment system in a proximal direction, which is used in someembodiments of the delivery system 2000 to manually trigger deploymentof an implant. In some embodiments of the delivery system 2000, theexpansion tube 2026 couples with an external detachment device that isconfigured to manually trigger deployment of an implant using thedetachment system 2004

Detachment Mechanism

In some embodiments of the systems, devices, and methods describedherein, a detachment mechanism 2005 is positioned at the distal end 2016of the detachment system 2004, and the detachment system 2004 along withthe catheter 2014 form the delivery system 2000.

In some embodiments, a detachment mechanism 2005 comprises a primarymember 2018, an anchoring member, and a tab, which are configured andpositioned to actuate the detachment mechanism 2005 causing the releaseand/or deployment of an intravascular implant.

A primary member 2018 as shown in FIG. 2 is configured in someembodiments so that it is long enough to extend the length of thedelivery system 2000 when the deployment mechanism 2005 is at thedeployment location 2009.

A number of additional features of embodiments of the detachmentmechanism 2005 are now described with additional reference to FIG. 3 aswell as further reference to FIG. 2:

FIG. 3 shows an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a detachmentmechanism 3005 which comprises an embolic coil 3022 (or other implant)that is detachably coupled to the detachment mechanism 3005.

The detachment mechanism 3005 comprises elements that are configured tocause the deployment of an intravascular implant 3022. In someembodiments, the detachment mechanism 3005 includes a tab 3016, anoptional primary member 3018, and an optional anchoring element 3020.

Tab 3016 of a detachment mechanism 3005 is parallel to the axis of theconduit, and is configured to have at least two configurations orpositions, at least a first configuration or position and a secondconfiguration or position. In a first configuration or position of thetab 3016, an embolic coil 3022 is held or coupled with the tab 3016, andin a second configuration or position of the tab 3016 releases ordecouples from an embolic coil 3022. In some embodiments of detachmentsystem, a tab 3016 is either a portion of or integral with a housing3024. In some embodiments of the delivery system 3000, a tab 3016comprises a memory metal or other memory material such as nitinol. Ahousing 3024 is configured to contain at least a portion of an emboliccoil 3022 and, in some embodiments, an anchoring element 3020 that iscoupled with the embolic coil 3022.

In some embodiments of the detachment mechanism 3005, a tab 3016 of adetachment mechanism 3005 detachably couples with a distal portion of aprimary member 3018. In these embodiments, while coupled with theprimary member 3018, the tab 3016 is in a first position wherein the tab3016 is depressed or deflected towards the interior of the housing 3024.When the tab 3016 is deflected towards the interior of the housing 3024in its first position, it is positioned to couple directly with eitheran embolic coil 3022 that is at least partially within the housing 3024or, in some embodiments, couple indirectly with an embolic coil 3022 bycoupling with an anchoring element 3020 that in some embodiments iscoupled with an embolic coil 3022. When the primary member 3018 isengaged with the tab 3016, the tab 3016 may be deflected along a hingeand extend into the interior of the housing 3024. The hinge isperpendicular with an axis of the conduit. By virtue of coupling to thetab 3016 in its first position, the embolic coil 3022 is held within thehousing 3024 of the detachment system 3016.

In some embodiments of the detachment mechanism 3005, an embolic coil3022 (or other intravascular implant) is coupled with an anchoringelement 3020 that is configured to couple with a tab 3016. In theseembodiments, an anchoring element is configured to releasably couplewith a tab 3016 when the tab 3016 is in the first position and deflectedtowards the interior of the housing. For example, in some embodiments ofthe delivery system 3000, as shown in FIG. 3, an anchoring element 3020comprises a sphere or ball and when the tab 3016 is in its firstposition, it hooks or latches the ball 3020 so that the ball 3020 isheld within the housing 3024 and thus the embolic coil 3022 is held bythe detachment mechanism 3014.

In embodiments of the detachment mechanism 3005 that include a primarymember 3018, when the primary member is coupled with the tab 3016 itholds the tab 3016 in the first position of the tab 3016 so that the tab3016 is deflected towards the interior of the housing 3024. When theprimary member 3018, in these embodiments, is decoupled from the tab bybeing, for example, withdrawn in a proximal direction, the tab 3016moves away from the interior of the housing 3024 to move to a secondposition. In embodiments where the tab 3016 comprises a memory material,the material of the tab 3016 facilitates its movement away from theinterior of the housing 3024 when decoupled from the primary member3018. In some embodiments of the system 3000, a primary member iswithdrawn proximally by a user when the detachment system is positionednear a target location such as, for example, an intracranial aneurysm. Aprimary member 3018 may, for example, comprise a wire that extends outof the proximal end 3017 of the catheter 3002 to a location where thewire may be pulled proximally by a user thus decoupling the primarymember 3018 and the tab 3016.

In some embodiments of the detachment system 3004, an expansion tube3026 is configured to fracture so that at least a portion of theexpansion tube 3026 may be withdrawn in a proximal direction away fromthe rest of the detachment system. In some of these embodiments, aprimary member 3018 is coupled with an expansion tube 3026 so that whenthe expansion tube 3026 is fractured and withdrawn in a proximaldirection, the primary member 3018 is decoupled from the tab 3016 sothat the tab 3016 moves from the first position to the second positionand causes the release of the embolic coil 3022. In some embodiments ofthe delivery system 3000, a primary member 3018 comprises a wire thatspans the length of the detachment system and extends out to a hand-helddetachment device. In these embodiments, the hand-held detachment deviceincludes a manually operated clamp that is configured to grip theprimary member 3018 and withdraw it in a proximal direction thusdecoupling the primary member 3018 from the tab 3016 so that the tab3016 moves from the first position to the second position and causes therelease of the embolic coil 3022.

FIG. 4 shows an illustration of an embodiment of a distal end of adetachment mechanism 4005 showing how an intravascular implant isdeployed from a detachment system 4014. As described with reference toFIG. 2, a tab 4016 has at least a first position and a second position.In the second position of a tab 4016, the tab 4016, as shown in FIG. 4,is positioned so that it is not deflected towards the interior of ahousing 4024 but rather positioned away from the interior of the housing4024. Primary member 4018 is shown being withdrawn away from and thusdecoupled from the tab 4016. As such, an anchoring element 4020 is nolonger held by the detachment system 4014 and an embolic coil (not shownin FIG. 4) is released or deployed at a target location.

FIG. 9 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a detachment system 9000which comprises an embolic coil 9022 (or other implant) that isdetachably coupled to an detachment mechanism 9014.

The detachment mechanism 9014 comprises elements that are configured tocause the deployment of an intravascular implant 9022. In someembodiments, the detachment mechanism 9000 includes a tab 9016, aprimary member 9018, and an anchoring element 9020.

Tab 9016 of detachment mechanism 9014 is perpendicular to the axis ofthe conduit, and is configured to have at least two configurations orpositions, at least a first configuration or position and a secondconfiguration or position. In a first configuration, the embolic coil9022 is coupled with the tab 9016, and in a second configuration, theembolic coil 9022 is released or decoupled from the detachment mechanism9014. In some embodiments of detachment mechanism 9014, the tab 9016 iseither a portion of or integral with a housing 9024. In some embodimentsof the delivery system 9000, the tab 9016 comprises a memory metal orother memory material such as nitinol. The housing 9024 is configured tocontain at a least a portion of embolic coil 9022 and, in someembodiments, an anchoring element 9020 is coupled with the embolic coil9022.

In some embodiments of the detachment mechanism 9014, the tab 9016 maybe held in the first configuration or position by a primary member 9018.Primary member 9018 may engage with an upper surface of the tab 9016 andthe primary member 9018 extends along the width of the tab 9016. Theprimary member 9018 may also engage with the inner surface of thehousing 9024 on opposing ends of the tab 9016. For example, a distal end9019 may engage with the inner surface of the housing 9024 on the distalend of the housing 9024. When the primary member 9018 is engaged withthe tab 9016, the tab 9016 may be deflected along a hinge 9017 andextend into the interior of the housing 9024. The hinge 9017 is parallelwith an axis of the conduit. The portion of primary member 9018 that isproximal of the distal end 9019 of the primary member 9018 engages withthe upper portion of the tab 9018 and is exposed when the tab 9016 is inthe first configuration. By virtue of the primary member 9018 deflectingthe tab 9016 into the interior of the housing 9024 and placing the tab9016 in the first configuration or position, the embolic coil 9022 isheld within the housing 9024 of the detachment system 9000.

In some embodiments of the detachment mechanism 9014, the embolic coil9022 (or other intravascular implant) is coupled with an anchoringelement 9020 that is configured to engage with the tab 9016. In theseembodiment, the anchoring element 9020 is configured to releasablycouple with the tab 9016 when the tab 9016 is in the first positon anddeflected towards the interior of the housing 9024. For example, in someembodiments of the delivery system 9000, as shown in FIG. 9, theanchoring element 9020 may be a sphere or ball and when the tab 9016 isin its first position, it hooks or latches the ball 9020 so that theball is held within the housing 9024 and thus the embolic coil 9022 isheld by the detachment mechanism 9014.

In some embodiments, when the primary member 9018 is engaged with thetab 9016 it holds the tab 9016 in the first position so that the tab9016 is deflected towards the interior of the housing 9024. When theprimary member 9018, in these embodiments, is disengaged from the tab9016 by being, for example, withdrawn in a proximal direction, the tab9016 moves away from the interior of the housing 9024 to move to asecond position. In embodiments, where the tab 9016 comprises a memorymaterial, the material of the tab 9016 facilitates its movement awayfrom the interior of the housing 9024 when disengaged from the primarymember 9018. In some embodiments of the detachment system 9000, aprimary member is withdrawn proximally by a user when the detachmentsystem 9000 is positioned near a target location such as, for example,an intracranial aneurysm.

FIG. 10A is a detailed view of FIG. 9 in which the embolic coil 10022 iscoupled to the detachment mechanism 10014. The tab 10016 is held in thefirst position by the primary member 10018 and the anchoring element10020 is secured to the detachment mechanism 10014 by the tab 10016.

FIG. 10B is a detailed view of the embolic coil 10022 released from thedetachment mechanism 10014. The primary member 10018 has been withdrawnin the proximal direction and the tab 10016 has moved from the firstposition to the second position and the anchoring element 10020 isreleased from the detachment mechanism 10014. When the anchoring element10020 is released from the detachment mechanism 10014, the embolic coilmay be deployed at the target position, such as, for example, anintracranial aneurysm.

In some embodiment, the distal end of the embolic coil 9022 includes aradiopaque marker 9023. Non-limiting examples of metals suitable for useas radiopaque marker include noble metals or alloys such as platinum,platinum tungsten, platinum iridium, silver, or gold. The deploymentsystem 9000 may further include additional radiopaque markers asdiscussed in regard to FIG. 2, such as a radiopaque marker at the distalend of the detachment system and a radiopaque marker at the distal endof the catheter. In addition, some embodiments may include a radiopaquemarker coupler as discussed in regard to FIG. 2. The radiopaque marker9023 on the distal end of the embolic coil 9022 may be used to determinewhen the embolic coil 9022 has been deployed by the deployment mechanism9014. A user may determine when the embolic coil 9022 has been deployedby comparing the position of the radiopaque marker 9023 with thepositions of the first and second radiopaque markers. As the first andsecond radiopaque markers move away from radiopaque marker 9023, theuser may know that the embolic coil has been deployed.

Expansion Tube

FIG. 5 shows an exemplary illustration of an embodiment of an expansiontube 5026. As described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, someembodiments of detachment system include an expansion tube 5026 at theproximal end 2017 of the system. In some of these embodiments, anexpansion tube 5026 includes one or more cuts 5030 at least partiallysurrounding the diameter of the expansion tube 5026 so that the cuts5030 are positioned and/or configured to facilitate a fracture of theexpansion tube 5026 when a bend is applied to the expansion tube 5026 bya user. Also shown in FIG. 5 is a primary member 5018 within theexpansion tube 5026. In some embodiments of the delivery system 2000, anexpansion tube 5026 may be further coupled at its proximal end 2017 to ahand-grip (not shown in FIG. 5) that is configured to allow a user tocontrol the advancement and withdrawal of the catheter as well ascontrol over the manual deployment of an implant. As described withreference to FIGS. 1-2, a primary member 5018, in some embodiments ofdetachment system, is connected to either an expansion tube 5026 or ahand-grip. When the expansion tube 5026 is fractured, the fracturedportion of the expansion tube 5026 (and some embodiments along with ahand-grip) is able to be withdrawn away from the catheter in a proximaldirection. In some embodiments of detachment system, when the expansiontube 5026 is fractured so that detachment system separates into a distalpiece and a proximal piece that are able to be withdrawn from oneanother, the primary member 5016 is no longer held against the tab 2016,so that the tab moves to a second position (facilitated by the memorymaterial), which exerts a force on the primary member 5016 driving itproximally.

Hand-Held Detachment Device

FIGS. 6A-6B show an illustration of an alternative mechanism formanually deploying an intravascular implant using a hand-held detachmentdevice 6032. FIG. 6A shows a perspective view of a hand-held detachmentdevice 6032 which includes a housing 6034 and an actuator switch 6036.Also shown is a primary member 6018, which in the illustrated embodimentcomprises a wire, passing into the interior of the hand-held detachmentdevice 6032. While not shown in FIGS. 6A-6B, the hand-held detachmentdevice 6032 is located at the proximal end 2017 of detachment system isconfigured to allow a user to manually withdraw the primary member 6018in a proximal direction thus deploying the implant as described. FIG. 6Bshows a cross-sectional view of a hand-held detachment device 6032 whichincludes cam clamps 6038 a and 6038 b along with spring 6040. Inoperation, a user engages actuator 6036 which causes clamping cams 6038a and 6038 b to withdraw in a proximal direction. In some embodiments ofthe delivery system 2000, the clamping cams grip the grip tube at thedistal end 2016 of the delivery device 2000 which in these embodimentsis connected to the primary member so that when the clamping cams 6038 aand 6038 b are withdrawn in a proximal direction the primary member iswithdrawn in a proximal direction as well resulting in the tab changingfrom a first position to a second position as described. Spring 6040provides resistance to prevent inadvertent activation of the clampingcams 6038 a and 6038 b and thus inadvertent deployment of theintravascular implant.

FIG. 7 shows an illustration of a close-up view of a cross-section ofthe hand-held detachment device 6032 which shows clamping cams 7038 aand 7038 b griping a grip tube 7012 of the delivery system 7000.Clamping cams 7038 a and 7038 b are activated by the actuator switch7036, which causes proximal movement of the clamping camps 7038 a and7038 b by, for example, being slid in a proximal direction by a user. Insome embodiments of the hand-held detachment device 7032, the actuatorswitch 7036 causes the clamping cams 7038 a and 7038 b to both grip thegrip tube 7012 and move proximally. In these embodiments, the clampingcams 7038 a and 7038 b only grip the grip tube 7012 when the actuatorswitch 7036 is engaged as a safety feature to prevent inadvertentwithdrawal of the primary member.

FIGS. 8A and 8B show illustrations of what a user sees in a viewingwindow 8042, wherein the viewing window 8042 is a feature of someembodiments of the hand-held detachment device as described. A viewingwindow 8042 is configured to show a user a visual confirmation that thegrip tube 8012 has been withdrawn proximally by the hand-held detachmentdevice. In FIG. 8A, a viewing window 8042 shows an expansion tube 8024and grip tube 8012 indicating that the grip tube 8012 has not beenwithdrawn in a proximal direction and the primary member is thereforecoupled to the tab of the detachment system. In FIG. 8B, a viewingwindow 8042 shows an expansion tube 8024 only indicating that the griptube 8012 has been withdrawn in a proximal direction and the primarymember is decoupled from the tab of the detachment system.

The steps of an exemplary method for deploying an intravascular implantat a target location, using any of the embodiments of the systemsdescribed herein, is as follows: Providing a user with a delivery system2000 as shown in FIG. 2 which comprises a catheter 2002 and a detachmentsystem 2004.

The steps of an exemplary method for deploying an intravascular implantat a target location, using any of the embodiments of the systemsdescribed herein, is as follows: Receiving a delivery system 2000 asshown in FIG. 2 which comprises a catheter 2002 and a detachment system2004. Advancing the delivery system 2000 to an anatomical targetlocation such as an intracranial aneurysm. Advancing the detachmentsystem 2014 within the catheter 2002 so that the implant is advancedinto the target location (i.e. the embolic coil is advanced within theaneurysm). Determining that the detachment system 2014 is in thedetachment location by radiographically visualizing an alignment of analignment of a first radiopaque marker on the catheter and a secondradiopaque marker on the detachment system 2014. Alternatively oradditionally, determining that the detachment system 2014 is in thedetachment location by sensing a resistance to further advancement ofthe detachment system 2014 caused by the interlocking system couplingthe catheter 2002 and the detachment system 2014 at the location of thefirst radiopaque marker. Alternatively or additionally, determining thatthe detachment system 2014 is in the detachment location by viewing theabsence of a visible grip tube within a viewing window of a hand-helddetachment device.

The steps of an exemplary method for deploying an intravascular implantat a target location, using any of the embodiments of the systemsdescribed herein, is as follows: Moving, by the withdrawal of a primarymember from a tab of a detachment system, the tab from a first positionin which it is coupled to an embolic coil or an anchoring elementcoupled to an embolic coil to a second position in which the tabdecouples from either the embolic coil or the anchoring element therebydeploying the embolic coil.

The foregoing description of the invention has been presented forpurposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to beexhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, andother modifications and variations may be possible in light of the aboveteachings. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to bestexplain the principles of the invention and its practical application tothereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the inventionin various embodiments and various modifications as are suited to theparticular use contemplated. It is intended that the appended claims beconstrued to include other alternative embodiments of the inventionexcept insofar as limited by the prior art.

What is claimed is:
 1. An embolic coil delivery system for deliveringand deploying an embolic coil at an aneurysm comprising: a conduithaving a deployment location from which the embolic coil is deployed;and a detachment system configured to fit within the conduit and to beslideably advanced and withdrawn within the conduit, the detachmentsystem comprising: a housing; a tab disposed in the housing, wherein thetab is configured to move from a first position to a second position,wherein when the tab is in the first position the tab is deflectedtoward the interior of the housing; a primary member configured toengage the tab so that the tab is in the first position when engagedwith the primary member and is moved to the second position when theprimary member is not engaged with the tab; and an anchoring elementcoupled to the embolic coil and configured to engage with the tab in thefirst position so that the embolic coil is coupled to the detachmentsystem when the tab is in the first position, and wherein the anchoringelement is configured to not engage with the tab in the second positionso that the embolic coil is deployed when the tab is in the secondposition, wherein the primary member engages with an upper surface ofthe tab and the primary member engages with an inner surface of thehousing on opposing sides of the tab.
 2. The embolic coil deliverysystem of claim 1, wherein the tab rotates about a hinge.
 3. The emboliccoil delivery system of claim 2, wherein the hinge is perpendicular toan axis of the conduit.
 4. The embolic coil delivery system of claim 2,wherein the hinge is parallel to an axis of the conduit.
 5. The emboliccoil delivery system of claim 1, wherein the length of the tab isparallel to an axis of the conduit.
 6. The embolic coil delivery systemof claim 1, wherein the length of the tab is perpendicular to an axis ofthe conduit.
 7. The embolic coil delivery system of claim 6, wherein theanchoring element is a ball.
 8. The embolic coil delivery system ofclaim 1, wherein the embolic coil further comprises a radiopaque markerat a distal end of the coil.
 9. The embolic coil delivery system ofclaim 8, wherein the conduit further comprises a first radiopaquemarker, and wherein the detachment system further comprises a radiopaquemarker coupler and a second radiopaque marker that is mechanicallycoupled with the radiopaque marker coupler and is positioned to alignwith the first radiopaque marker when the detachment system ispositioned at the deployment location.
 10. A method of deploying anembolic coil in an intracranial aneurysm comprising: directing a conduitthrough one or more blood vessels of the patient to the aneurysm, theconduit comprising a first radiopaque marker and a deployment location;advancing a detachment system through the conduit while the conduit iswithin the blood vessel, the detachment system comprising a radiopaquemarker coupler, a second radiopaque marker, and a detachment mechanismcomprising a tab having a first position and a second position;deploying the embolic coil within the aneurysm using the detachmentsystem, wherein the embolic coil has a radiopaque marker disposed at thedistal end of the embolic coil, wherein the radiopaque marker couplerand the second radiopaque marker couple mechanically, wherein when thedetachment mechanism is positioned at the deployment location, the firstradiopaque marker and the second radiopaque marker align, wherein theembolic coil is coupled to an anchoring element, wherein the tab is inthe first position, the anchoring element engages the tab thus couplingthe embolic coil to the detachment system, and wherein the anchoringelement does not engage the tab in the second position thus decouplingthe embolic coil from the detachment system and thus deploying theembolic coil in the intracranial aneurysm; and comparing the radiopaquemarker of the embolic coil with the first and second radiopaque markersto determine if the embolic coil has been deployed, wherein the step ofdeploying comprises disengaging a primary member from the tab by drawingthe primary member away from the tab in the proximal direction, andwherein the primary member engages an upper surface of the tab and aninner surface of the housing on opposing sides of the tab.
 11. Themethod of claim 10, wherein the detachment system comprises a flexibletube that fixedly couples the radiopaque marker coupler and theradiopaque marker.
 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the firstradiopaque marker partially surrounds the conduit so that when thedetachment system is advanced within the conduit and the firstradiopaque marker aligns with the second radiopaque marker, the secondradiopaque marker is radiographically visible.
 13. The method of claim10, wherein the tab is disposed in a housing of the detachmentmechanism, and the tab is deflected towards the interior of the housingwhen the tab is in the first position.
 14. The method of claim 10,wherein the tab rotates about a hinge.
 15. The method of claim 14,wherein the hinge is parallel with the conduit.